What is caste? People who were born and brought up in India are defintely aware of the caste system but many of us not really sure how and why it is formed and why it is still in practice? India is a secular country with many religions living together for centuries. The main religions are Hinduism, Islam, Christianity,Sikhism, Jainism & Buddhism and these religions are gain divided into 4 main caste categories i.e Scheduled caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST), Other backward castes (OBC) and Forward caste (OC). So how are these castes formed?
India had, by all accounts, an advanced civilisation and culture at the time, dating back to 3500 BC, even to 6000 or 8000 BC, according to some historians. Its people were peace-loving, mainly occupied in agriculture and trade. During this time the citizens were classified according to their Varna or castes. 'Varna' defines the hereditary roots of a newborn, it indicates the colour, type, order or class of people. Four principal categories are defined: Brahmins (priests, gurus, etc.), Kshatriyas (warriors, kings, administrators, etc.), Vaishyas (agriculturalists, traders, etc., also called Vysyas), and Shudras (labourers). Each Varna propounds specific life principles to follow; newborns are required to follow the customs, rules, conduct, and beliefs fundamental to their respective Varnas. The segregation of people based on their Varna was intended to decongest the responsibilities of one's life, preserve the purity of a caste, and establish eternal order. The underlying reason for adhering to Varna duties is the belief in the attainment of moksha on being dutiful. Belief in the concept of Karma reinforces the belief in the Varna life principles. As per the Vedas, it is the ideal duty of a human to seek freedom from subsequent birth and death and rid oneself of the transmigration of the soul, and this is possible when one follows the duties and principles of one's respective Varna.
The caste system in India is a deeply ingrained social hierarchy that has been in place for thousands of years. While efforts to eliminate the caste system have been ongoing for many years, it still remains a significant social and cultural issue in India. However, there are several factors that are contributing to its gradual fading away:
Education: The increasing levels of education and awareness among people, especially in urban areas, have contributed significantly to the decline of the caste system. Education has helped people to become more open-minded, reject discriminatory practices and prejudices based on caste, and promote equality.
Urbanization: The rise of urbanization and modernization in India has led to a shift away from traditional occupations and communities, which were often determined by caste. As people move to cities and take on new jobs, they are less likely to be confined to the traditional caste roles and expectations.
Legal interventions: The Indian government has made several efforts to abolish the caste system through legal interventions. For example, the Indian constitution prohibits discrimination based on caste, and there are laws in place that protect the rights of the lower castes.
Social reforms: Social reformers and activists have been instrumental in fighting against the caste system. They have helped raise awareness about the issue and have advocated for change.
Youth: India has a burgeoning youth population, who possess a fresh outlook on life and are unwilling to blindly conform unless convinced of its rationale. Their inventive spirit drives them to create new lifestyles and innovations, resulting in significant societal impact. These individuals exhibit remarkable talent, swift learning abilities, and a desire to take charge of their lives rather than be passive followers. As a result, society has gradually begun to embrace the positive changes brought about by these young people.
Arranged marriages: For centuries, India has practiced arranged marriages, whereby two families mutually consent to unite their children in matrimony. Traditionally, these unions took place solely within the same community, but with the advent of a progressive mindset among younger generations, arranged marriages are increasingly transcending community boundaries and joining individuals from different communities.
Women empowerment: The long-held tradition of relegating women to the role of domestic caretakers is gradually dissipating, as women are now recognized as possessing equal rights to men. This shift has enabled women to make independent decisions, even going so far as to marry individuals outside of their caste or religion.
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